Titanium

Titanium is considered to be one of the strongest metals. Its strength, heat, water and salt resistance, and its light weight make it the ideal metal for a variety of applications. These applications range from jewelry and dental implants to airplanes and ships. Pure titanium is strong and corrosive resistant. Titanium Alloys retain the same strength and corrosion resistance, but takes on the greater flexibility and malleability of the metal it is combined with. Titanium alloys, therefore, have more applications than pure titanium. There are six grades of pure titanium (grades 1,2,3,4,7 and 11) and 4 varieties of titanium alloys. Titanium alloys typically contain traces of aluminum, molybdenum, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, zirconium, manganese, iron, chromium, cobalt, nickel, and copper.

The four grades, or varieties of titanium alloys are Ti 6AL-4V, Ti 6AL ELI, Ti 3Al 2.5 and Ti 5Al-2.5Sn.

Ti-6AL-4V is the most commonly used of the titanium alloys. It is therefore commonly referred to as the titanium alloy “workhorse.” It is believed to be used in half of the usage of titanium around the world.

Ti 6 AL-4V ELI is commonly referred to surgical titanium because of its use in surgery. It is a more pure version of Grade 5 (Ti 6AL-4V) titanium alloy. It can be easily molded, and cut into small strands, coils, and wires.

It has the same strength, and high corrosion resistance as Ti 6AL-4V. It is also light-weight and is highly tolerant to damage by other alloys. Its use is highly desirable in the medical and dental fields for uses in complex surgical procedures not only because of these properties but also because of the unique surgical properties Ti 6AL-4V ELI has. It has superior biocompatibility making it easy to graft in and attach to bone all the while being accepted by the human body. Some of the more common surgical procedures Ti 6AL-4V ELI is used in include:

Ti 3 AI 2.5 is the titanium alloy with the best weldability. It is also strong at high temperatures like the other titanium alloys. This grade 12 titanium alloy is unique in that it exhibits characteristics of stainless steel (one of the other strong metals), such as being heavier than the other titanium alloys.

Ti 3 Al 2.5 is most commonly used in the manufacturing industry, specifically in equipment. It is highly resistant to corrosion and can be formed by heat or cold. Grade 12 titanium alloy is used the most in the following industries and applications:

Ti 5Al-2.5Sn is a non-heat treatable alloy that can achieve good weldability with stability. It also possesses high temperature stability, high strength, and good corrosion resistance. It has a uniquely high creep (plastic-like strain over long periods of time, usually caused by extreme temperatures) resistance. Ti 5Al-25.Sn is mostly used in aircraft and airframe applications.

Grade 2 titanium is called the “workhorse” of the commercially pure titanium industry, thanks to its varied usability and wide availability. It shares many of the same qualities as Grade 1 titanium, but it is slightly stronger. Both are equally corrosion resistant.

This grade possesses good weldability, strength, ductility and formability. This makes Grade 2 titanium bar and sheet are the prime choice for many fields of applications:

Grade 3 Titanium Parts is least used of the commercially pure titanium grades, but that does not make it any less valuable. Grade 3 is stronger than Grades 1 and 2, similar in ductility and only slightly less formable – but it possesses higher mechanicals than its predecessors.

Grade 3 is used in applications requiring moderate strength and major corrosion resistance. These include:

Chemistry

FWM chemistry is for reference only, and is not to be used for specification purposes.

Mechanical Properties

Values are typical and may not represent all diameters. Test method will affect result

CP Grade 2 Titanium Sheet, Coil, Bar, Plate

Commercially pure titanium grades feature an excellent strength-to-density ratio and good corrosion resistance. This makes them suitable for the manufacture of components in weight-saving structures with reduced mass forces, and also for components requiring high corrosion resistance. In addition, thermal stresses in titanium structures are lower than in other metallic materials, due to the low thermal expansion of titanium. The materials are also widely used in the medical sector because of their outstanding biocompatibility.

Industries & Applications

Titanium Grade 2 has a lower density making it very desirable where weight can be a concern. Medical and aerospace are two key industries for titanium alloys. The strength and corrosion resistance properties of titanium Grade 2 also make it well suited to applications in the marine, chemical processing and desalination industries. Typical applications for Grade 2 titanium include oil & gas components, reaction and pressure vessels, tubing or piping systems, heat exchangers, liners, flue-gas desulphurization systems and many other industrial components. Continuous service temperatures can reach up to 800°F with occasional, intermittent service at 1000°F.

Resistance to Corrosion

Titanium’s C.P. grades corrosion resistance comes from a strongly adherent, stable, protective oxide film, which forms in the presence of oxygen. This film makes the commercially pure titanium grades resistant to most oxidizing, neutral and inhibited reducing, as well as mildly reducing environments. Grade 2 offers excellent resistance to seawater and marine atmospheric corrosion. Corrosion resistance is similar between the four C.P. grades, but mechanical properties vary along with varying oxygen and iron contents. Grade 2 titanium is resistant to attack from moist chlorides and metallic chlorides, chlorite and hypochlorite solutions, nitric and chromic acids, organic acids as well as many gaseous industrial applications.

Fabrication and Heat Treatment

Titanium Grade 2 has good ductility, which allows for cold formability. To prevent cold forming concerns, the minimum bend radius for material under 0.070″ thick should be 2T, while 2.5T should be used for material over 0.070″. The material can also be easily machined, hot worked and welded. Hot working should be performed between 400°F and 600°F. Stress relieving should be performed by heating to a temperature between 900°F and 1100°F followed by either forced air or slow cooling. Annealing temperatures range from 1200°F to 1400°F for 6 minutes to 2 hours followed by an air cool. Welding of Grade 2 titanium can be performed using various methods such as MIG and TIG. Inert gas shielding is crucial to prevent oxygen pickup and embrittlement of the weld area. A mixture of argon and helium is typically preferred but should be tested prior to accepting a welding procedure. Preheat or post heat treatments are not required.

Titanium Grade 4 is a commercially pure titanium alloy (CP Ti) known for its excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. It is stronger than Grades 1, 2, and 3 while retaining the high corrosion resistance and other favorable attributes of pure titanium. This makes it one of the most widely used grades in demanding applications.

Key Properties of Titanium Grade 4

– Medical Field: Implants, Surgical instruments

– Aerospace: Aircraft components where strength and weight savings are critical

– Industrial Uses: Chemical processing equipment

– Heat exchangers

– Marine applications

– Sporting Goods: Lightweight and durable bicycle frames or sports equipment

Why Choose Titanium Grade 4 ?

You’d choose Titanium Grade 4 when a balance of high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility is required. It is particularly valuable in environments exposed to harsh conditions or in applications where durability and safety are critical.

CP Grade 2 Titanium ,TP270C, TP340C, TP340H, TB340

Titanium features light weight — specific gravity of 4.51, approximately 60% of iron (Fe)

Strong — no difference in strength from steel and biocompatible — extremely low ion elution, very low metal ion allergy

Corrosion resistance to seawater — optimal for use in seawater environments due to seawater resistance to seawater and processability — equal to steel in processability

Non-magnetic — Non magnetic low thermal expansion — thermal expansion coefficient of 8.40, equivalent to glass or concrete

Compared to Al: 23.9 and ordinary steel 11.6, you can see how low it is.

※ Thermal expansion coefficient When the temperature (heat) rises by 1 ℃, it refers to the ratio between the expanded size and the size before expansion. There are linear expansion coefficient and volume (volume) expansion coefficient. The coefficient of thermal expansion decreases as the amount of carbon increases and the amount of alloy increases.

UNS R56320

Titanium Grade 9 is also referred to as Ti-3Al-2.5V or simply Ti-3-2.5. Titanium alloy Gr9 can be used in higher temperatures than commercially pure titanium grades 1-4, as it can be cold rolled with its outstanding corrosion resistance capability it’s used in industrial, aerospace and sporting equipments.

Titanium Grade 9’s mechanical properties offer much more strength than commercially pure titanium. One of the main benefits of this Titanium alloy with 3% Aluminum, 2.5% Vanadium is that it can be cold worked, unlike Ti-6-4, resulting in good ductility, moderately high strength, and excellent resistance to corrosion.

Titanium Grade 23 | Ti6Al4V ELI | 3.7165 | UNS R56401| ASTM F136

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